Which Of The Following Forms Of Dsl Theoretically Provides The Fastest Service?

Digital Subscriber Lines

Digital subscriber line (DSL) refers to a group of digital technologies that can provide high-speed digital indicate transmission over the existing twisted-wire pair in local loops.

From: Introduction to Digital Communications , 2016

Networking: Wired and Wireless

Louis E. FrenzelJr., in Electronics Explained (Second Edition), 2018

Digital Subscriber Lines

Digital subscriber lines (DSLs) are loftier-speed Internet connections that use standard telephone lines. DSL uses the standard twisted-pair telephone lines that come into every home for normal telephone service. These lines, considering they were developed only for vox signals, are restricted in bandwidth and data charge per unit. However, special techniques take been adult to let very high-speed data transmissions on them. DSLs, also referred to as disproportionate digital subscriber lines (ADSLs), apply a variation of OFDM called discrete multitone. What information technology does is to divide the restricted bandwidth of the twisted-pair cablevision into multiple OFDM channels, each iv kHz wide. So the data to be transmitted is divided into parallel paths and modulated using some form of QAM. All of this is handled by a DSL modem continued to subscribers' computers and the home phone lines.

The speed potential of an ADSL line depends on how far away the subscriber is from the key office. The greater the distance, the lower the data rate. For fifty-fifty the longest runs from 12,000 to 18,000 feet, information rates of up to almost 2 Mbps are possible.

Newer versions of ADSL accept likewise been adult to permit data rates of up to about 12 Mbps at a range of 8000 feet and twenty Mbps at a range of nearly 4000 anxiety. Another version referred to as video digital subscriber lines or VDSLs extends the bandwidth farther and uses higher-level versions of QAM to get data rates of up to 52 Mbps. A subsequently version chosen VDSL2 can attain upwardly to 200 Mb/s over less than 2000 anxiety. The overall deliverable rate depends on the distance from the subscriber'due south modem to the neighborhood AP called a digital subscriber line admission multiplexer (DSLAM). The Internet service provider (ISP) usually runs a fiber optic cablevision to the DSLAM and and then connects via the existing telephone cable to the homes.

The newest form of DSL is called 1000.fast. Its primary feature is that it can deliver combined download/upload speeds of upward to 1 Gb/s over existing telephone wiring. G.fast achieves higher speeds by locating the distribution point unit closer to the home. The 1 Gb/south rate is unremarkably achieved at a range less than near 70 chiliad. Cablevision length is generally restricted to a maximum of 250 k. G.fast uses time division duplexing rather than frequency division duplexing of most DSL versions. For that reason, the total data rate of 1 Gbps is the combined rates of download and upload speeds. An example is a mix of 800 Mb/south downwards and 200 Mb/s up.

Read total chapter

URL:

https://world wide web.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128116418000096

Digital systems

Martin Plonus , in Electronics and Communications for Scientists and Engineers (Second Edition), 2020

9.5.15 Digital subscriber line (DSL)

As interest in narrow band ISDN faded, and cablevision and satellites promise speedier Internet access, telephone companies turned to broadband services such equally DSL to provide high-speed Internet access for the home. Digital subscriber lines and other advanced forms of multiplexing are designed to use as the transport medium the billions of dollars' worth of conventional copper phone lines which the local telephone companies own, without requiring whatsoever new wires into the dwelling. Telephone and other telecommunication companies desire to give their networks a packet-switch orientation and are trying to catechumen electric current voice-oriented networks that also carry information into more than efficient data-oriented networks that will also carry vocalisation. One such service over a single pair of twisted copper wires is referred to as phonation-over DSL. The difference between DSL and traditional telephone service is that DSL converts vocalization into digital 0 and one'south and sends them in packets over copper wire. Packets from several conversations as well as bits of email and other data travel together in seeming random order. For vox service over DSL, the trick is to deliver the vocalisation packets to the correct destination at the correct fourth dimension in the appropriate lodge, and so that the "reassembled" conversations audio natural.

The demand for more network capacity, or bandwidth, closer to the dwelling client, which is causing telephone companies to deploy DSL, is as well causing increased installations of optical fibers across the state, increasing the network'southward backbone capacity and bringing it closer to the neighborhoods. This is of import for DSL which is a copper-based telephone line, loftier-speed merely short-distance service in which the customer can be no more than a few miles from a telephone switching station. Fig. 9.14 clarifies this brake and shows that copper lines benumb a ane MHz betoken by ix dB in a length of i km. At the present, to run broadband fiberoptic lines into homes is expensive, thus the "last mile" copper wire link betwixt the phone company's central office and abode remains in place.

DSL, which accommodates simultaneous Net and voice traffic on the aforementioned line, can relieve the bottlenecks in the last mile to the home. In DSL, the one MHz bandwidth is divided into two greatly diff parts: the low end of the spectrum, 4 kHz, is used for voice traffic and acts equally an ordinary phone connexion ⁵² (POTS), while the high end, which is practically the entire spectrum, is used for information, typically Net traffic. The 1 MHz of bandwidth which is bachelor for DSL translates into high-speed data rates of upwards to 10 Mbps. Of course the loftier frequencies introduce problems such every bit high dissonance and high attenuation that did not exist at 4 kHz; hence sophisticated software and hardware techniques have to be applied at the central office to counter these. To reduce the effects of noise, line-coding techniques are practical to control the frequency band and digital signal processors (DSPs) are applied to restore the original signals from distorted and noisy ones (Fig. nine.33).

In that location are various flavors of DSL (also referred to every bit xDSL), for example, disproportionate and very high-speed. But they have 1 universal feature: the higher the information speed, the shorter the distance between home and switching station must be. In addition all are equipped with modem pairs, with ane modem located at a central part and the other at the customer site. Before we give a listing of the various types of DSL, let usa define a few terms.

•

Symmetrical. A service in which information travel at the same speed in both directions. Downloads and uploads have the same bandwidth.

•

Asymmetrical. A service that transmits at dissimilar rates in different directions. Downloads move faster than uploads.

•

Downstream. Traffic is from the network to the client.

•

Upstream. Traffic from the customer to the network operating middle.

Available types of DSL are:

•

ADSL. Asymmetric digital subscriber lines deliver traffic at different speeds, depending on its management, and support a wide range of data services, especially interactive video. ADSL provides three information channels: an ordinary telephone (POTS) channel, an upstream aqueduct, and a higher-chapters downstream channel. These are independent, i.e., voice conversation can exist simultaneously with data traffic. These channels tin exist separated by frequency-division multiplexing. Downstream speed 1.5–7 Mbps; upstream 16–640 kbps; range 2–3.4 miles.

•

ADSL Low-cal. A slower version of ADSL designed to run over digital loop carrier systems and over lengths of more than 3 miles. Downstream 384 kbps − ane.5 Mbps; upstream 384–512 kbps.

•

HDSL. High-bit-charge per unit digital subscriber lines provide Tl service in both directions for applications that crave communications symmetry, such as voice, corporate intranets, and loftier-volume email. Typical use is betwixt corporate sites. i Mbps upwards- and downstream; range 2–3.4 miles.

•

IDSL. Uses ISDN-ready local loops. An international communications standard for sending voice, video, and data over digital telephone lines. Upward to 144 kbps upward- and downstream; range iii.four–4.v miles.

•

SDSL. Unmarried-pair symmetric high-bit-rate digital subscriber lines operate on a unmarried copper twisted pair. The advantage is a reduction from two wire pairs to just ane. 128 kbps–2 Mbps up- and downstream; range 2 miles.

•

RDSL. Rate-adaptive digital subscriber lines offering adjustable downstream and upstream rates. This service can adapt its bit rates according to line conditions or customer desires. For example, if a line is noisy, the chip rate can be decreased, making this service more robust. Downstream forty kbps–7 Mbps; upstream up to 768 kbps; range 2–3.four miles.

•

VDSL. Very high-flake-charge per unit asymmetric digital subscriber lines provide very high bandwidth downstream, merely have distance limitations and require fiberoptic cable. Originally developed to provide video-on-demand over copper phone lines. Downstream 13–52 Mbps; range 1000 ft.

Internet technology is still quickly evolving. Internet speeds take gone from just 56 kbps to 500 Mbps in only a few decades and will likely not terminate at that place. For case, a new DSL technology, M.fast, may bring onetime phone lines and copper technology back into the net speed race with 1 Gbps speeds. Consumers volition be able to buy a Yard. fast modem, attach information technology to their state-line phone connection, and receive 1 Gbps speeds, sufficient for 4K video. Even so, copper lines, when used in "terminal mile" connection are limited by their rapid attenuation of signals with distance (see Fig. nine.14).

Read total chapter

URL:

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128170083000097

Monitoring Systems in Rockbursts

Bing-Rui Chen , ... Ömer Aydan , in Rockburst, 2018

eight.two.3.1.2 Digital Communication Technologies

For surface monitoring applications (east.g., open pit mines, regional monitoring, etc.) wireless communications is the standard solution. Underground environments all the same, pose a unique set of challenges to the communications infrastructure mainly owing to the limited access and harsh weather condition. Wireless communication is difficult hush-hush due to the reduced range of radio communications without line of sight, and then large numbers of repeaters are needed, with each requiring their own power source.

Today ethernet technology is ubiquitous in both consumer and industrial applications. Ethernet has the lowest cost/speed ratio of whatever digital communications technology, and its various media, speed, and distance options means it is possible to run high-speed Gigabit (1000 Mbit/s) ethernet networks throughout fifty-fifty the most expansive/deep mines.

But this wasn't always the case, especially in the golden mines of South Africa, where deep shafts and extensive tunnels hateful that communication distances of more than 10 km are mutual. At these distances the merely practical options to achieve the kind of data rates required to send all digitized data are ethernet over optical cobweb or digital subscriber line (DSL) technologies. Cobweb optic cable is expensive and fragile and requires specialized skills and equipment to install and maintain, then is considered impractical for many mines. Copper twisted pair cables are cheaper, easier to install and maintain without specialized equipment or skills, and in many cases already exist due to legacy phone networks. So even today, in some of the nigh advanced mines around the earth, copper twisted pair is yet the communications medium of option.

DSL applied science, which relies on complex digital signal processing techniques, is a relatively contempo evolution. Therefore since the first digital seismic monitoring systems of the 1980s until near a decade agone, we were left with no choice but to limit the amount of digital seismogram information transmitted over legacy communications networks using copper cablevision. ⁴

Read full affiliate

URL:

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/commodity/pii/B9780128050545000512

Excursion collection, volume V

Richard Markell Editor , in Analog Circuit Pattern, 2013

Introduction

High speed digital subscriber line (HDSL) interfaces back up full-duplex data rates up to 1.544Mbps over 12,000 feet using two standard 135Ω twisted-pair telephone wires. The high information rate is achieved with a combination of encoding 2 bits per symbol using two-binary, one-4th (2B1Q) modulation, and sophisticated digital signal processing to excerpt the received signal. This performance is possible but with depression baloney line drivers and receivers. In addition, the power dissipation of the transceiver circuitry is critical considering it may be loop-powered from the key role over the twisted pair: Lower power dissipation also increases the number of transceivers that can placed in a unmarried, non-forced-air enclosure. Single-pair HDSL requires the same performance as two-pair HDSL over a unmarried twisted pair and operates at twice the fundamental 2B1Q symbol rate. In HDSL systems that use 2B1Q line coding, the point passband necessary to bear a data rate of i.544Mbps is 392kHz. This signal charge per unit will be used to quantify the performance of the LT1497 in this article.

Read full chapter

URL:

https://world wide web.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123978882000389

Communications theory

BARRY J ELLIOTT , in Cable Engineering for Local Surface area Networks, 2000

5.11 Digital subscriber lines (xDSL)

xDSL is a family of technologies developed to send high-speed data over copper access lines. Information technology is primarily a telecommunications technology and application just interaction with LAN and premises structured cabling systems is inevitable. Access to the telecommunications surround, such as the cyberspace, over twisted pair telephone lines is currently achieved past using analogue modems with a maximum speed of 56.6kb/s or by integrated services digital network (ISDN) which offers a information rate of 64kb/due south. A modem (modulator/demodulator) encodes data to fit within the standard three.3kHz analogue transmission ring of telephone lines. DSL applied science aims to significantly ameliorate on that transmission functioning over twisted pair cables.

xDSL tin be symmetric or asymmetric. Symmetric means that the information charge per unit in both directions is the same. Asymmetric ways that the data rate from the exchange to the subscriber is much larger than the rate from the subscriber back to the exchange. The physical separation or altitude from the transmitter to the receiver determines the maximum doable data rate.

HDSL	Loftier speed digital subscriber line. Offers up to 2Mb/s in each direction (i.e. symmetric). The first 1993 specification called for three pair operation, though the 1996 version used two pairs. There is currently a draft ANSI specification for a one pair version. This volition probably but be used for the American T1 data rate (1.5Mb/southward) not the European E1 data rate (2Mb/s). HDSL uses a band from DC to 748kHz and uses 2B1Q or CAP encoding.
ADSL	Asymmetric digital subscriber line. Offers half-dozen–8Mb/s downstream and 640kb/s-1Mb/south upstream. There is a standard, ANSI T1.413, which specifies discrete multi tone (DMT) encoding just in that location is as well a non-standard scheme using carrierless aamplitude stage (CAP) and quadrature amplitude modulation (CAM). ADSL uses a band of 25kHz-one.1MHz.
ADSL-Low-cal	ADSL-Light is a 'stripped' downwards version of ADSL to give a cheaper, user-installable high speed delivery system (1.5Mb/southward) primarily for cyberspace employ. The ITU is working on a standard (G.992.2) to ascertain this applied science.
VDSL	Very loftier speed digital subscriber line. This emerging engineering science pushes data manual over simple copper telephone lines to the limits. Information technology will be able to offer a symmetric service of 26Mb/south and an asymmetric service of ii and 52Mb/south, simply over relatively short distances of effectually 300m for the higher speeds. VDSL uses a combination of DMT and QAM and requires a band of 300kHz-10MHz.

Read full chapter

URL:

https://world wide web.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9781855734883500107

Green Broadband Access Networks

Tao Han , ... Nirwan Ansari , in Handbook of Green Information and Communication Systems, 2013

17.3.1 Wireline Access Technologies and Energy Consumptions

Currently, major wireline access technologies include digital subscriber loop (DSL) as standardized in ITU-T G.922, hybrid fiber coaxial (HFC) as standardized in ITU-T J.112/122, and fiber-to-the-x (FTTx), where x could be dwelling house, adjourn, neighborhood, function, business, premise, user, etc.

17.3.1.1 Digital Subscriber Loop

Figure 17.iv shows the general DSL architecture. DSL is provided through copper pairs originally installed to deliver a fixed-line telephone service. A DSL modem at each client habitation connects via a dedicated copper pair to a DSL access multiplexer (DSLAM) at the nearest central role.

17.three.1.two Hybrid Fiber Coaxial

Figure 17.5 illustrates the HFC network. HFC was initially deployed to deliver television services. Nowadays, HFC also delivers Internet and telephony services. Typically, the telly program material is compiled from national and regional sources at a headend distribution centre in each regional metropolis. This material is distributed on radio frequency (RF) modulated optical carriers through an optical fiber to local nodes, where the optical signal is converted into an electric signal. That electrical signal is then distributed to customers through a tree network of coaxial cables, with electrical amplifiers placed equally necessary in the network to maintain signal quality. Hence, these networks are unremarkably termed hybrid fiber coaxial networks.

17.three.1.3 Cobweb-to-the-ten

To realize FTTx solutions, passive optical networks (PONs) accept become the most promising applied science. Every bit shown in Figure 17.6, a PON is a indicate-to-multipoint optical access network architecture in which i optical line terminal (OLT) is continued with multiple optical network units (ONUs), and an optical splitter is employed to enable a unmarried optical fiber to serve multiple cease users.

The energy consumption of each access network tin can be separate into three components: the energy consumption in the customer premises equipment (i.e., the modem), the remote node or base of operations station (base transceiver station, BTS), and the final unit, which is located in the local exchange/fundamental part. The per-customer power consumption can be expressed as $p_{a} = p_{CPE} + \frac{p_{RN}}{{Due north}_{RN}} + \frac{i.5 p_{TU}}{N_{TU}}$ , where $p_{CPE}, p_{RN}$ , and $p_{TU}$ are the powers consumed by the customer premises equipment, remote node, and terminal unit, respectively. $N_{RN}$ and $N_{TU}$ are the number of customers or subscribers that share a remote node and the number of customers that share a last unit, respectively. Table 17.1 lists the typical ability consumption of these iii access networks [39].

Table 17.one. Energy Consumption of ADSL, HFC, and PON

	p _TU (kW)	North _TU	p _RN	N _RN	N _CPE	Engineering science Limit	Per-User Capacity (Mb/due south)
ADSL	1.vii	1008	Due north/A	North/A	5	fifteen Mb/southward	2
HFC	0.62	480	571	120	6.5	100 Mb/s	0.3
PON	one.34	1024	0	32	5	2.4 Gb/s	16

It can exist seen that PON consumes the smallest free energy per transmission bit; this is attributed to the proximity of optical fibers to the end users and the passive nature of the remote node amongst various wireline access technologies [ten]. However, as PON is deployed worldwide, it still consumes a pregnant amount of energy. It is desirable to farther reduce the energy consumption of PON since every single watt saved will end up creating an overall terawatt or even larger power savings. Reducing the energy consumption of PON becomes even more than important equally the current PON arrangement migrates into adjacent-generation PON systems with increased data charge per unit provisioning [35, 36].

17.3.1.4 BPON, GPON, and EPON

Also the low energy consumption, PON has 4 other major advantages. Commencement, a PON yields a minor fiber deployment price in the local exchange and local loop. Second, a PON provides higher bandwidth due to the deep fiber penetration [36]. Third, as a betoken-to-multipoint network, a PON allows for downstream video dissemination. Quaternary, a PON eliminates the necessity of installing multiplexers and demultiplexers in the splitting locations, and thus lowers the operational expenditure [37]. Owing to these advantages, the number of FTTx users has recently surpassed thirty million and is continuing to grow at a rapid rate.

The currently deployed PON systems are TDM PON systems [38]. As shown in Effigy 17.7, the downstream traffic is continuously broadcast to all ONUs, and each ONU selects the packets destined to information technology and discards the packets addressed to other ONUs. In the upstream, each ONU transmits during the time slots that are allocated by the OLT. Upstream signals are combined by using a multiple access protocol, usually time sectionalization multiple access (TDMA). The OLTs "range" the ONUs in order to provide time slot assignments for upstream communication. Owing to their burst transmission nature, flare-up-mode transceivers are required for upstream transmission. There are more often than not three flavors of TDM PON technologies that have been standardized. They are Broadband PON (BPON), Gigabit PON (GPON), and Ethernet PON (EPON). Table 17.2 compares these three PON technologies.

Tabular array 17.2. Comparison between BPON, GPON, and EPON

	BPON	GPON	EPON
Standard	ITU G.983	ITU G.984	IEEE 802.3ah
Framing	ATM	Jewel/ATM	Ethernet
Max bandwidth	622 Mb/s	ii.488 Gb/due south	one Gb/s
Users/PON	32	64	xvi
Video	RF	RF/IP	RF/IP

Both BPON and GPON architectures were standardized past the Full Service Access Network (FSAN), which is an affiliation of network operators and telecom vendors. Since nearly telecommunications operators have heavily invested in providing legacy TDM services, both BPON and GPON are optimized for TDM traffic and rely on framing structures with very strict timing and synchronization requirements.

EPON is standardized by the IEEE 802 group, and focuses on preserving the architectural model of Ethernet. No explicit framing structure exists in EPON; the Ethernet frames are transmitted in bursts with a standard interframe spacing. The burst sizes and physical layer overhead are large in EPON. As a result, ONUs do not need whatsoever protocol and circuitry to suit the laser ability. Also, the light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation-on and laser-off times are capped at 512 ns, a significantly higher bound than that of GPON. The relaxed physical overhead values are just a few of many price-cutting steps taken past EPON. Some other cost-cutting step of EPON is the preservation of the Ethernet framing format, which carries variable-length packets without fragmentation. EPON has been apace adopted in Nippon and is also gaining momentum with carriers in China, Korea, and Taiwan since IEEE ratified EPON as the IEEE802.3ah standard in June 2004.

Read full affiliate

URL:

https://world wide web.sciencedirect.com/scientific discipline/article/pii/B9780124158443000176

TV White Infinite Developments in the UK

Andrew Stirling , in TV White Space Communications and Networks, 2018

ane.7.one Rural Broadband Deficit Was a Driver of Interest in TVWS

Wireless applied science was a articulate alternative to DSL applied science, enabling rapid deployment of broadband connectivity and better performance in many cases. Much of the bachelor wireless technology had been adult for frequencies of 2.4 GHz and higher up (e.g. five GHz), where there was already spectrum available on a licence-exempt basis in many locations around the world. The only trouble with these frequencies was that the range was express at the allowed emission ability, typically 100 metres or less. Going to lower frequencies enables greater coverage for the same power and helps reduce infrastructure deployment costs.

In the early 2000s, major engineering science providers had started to look at the possibility of licence-exempt access to sub-1 GHz bands. At that place was fiddling or no clear spectrum available that was not already assigned and licensed. Nevertheless, geographical and temporal usage was a very different story. Studies by industry and regulators [one] had demonstrated that only a small fraction of bachelor spectrum was in use at any given place and time.

The UHF bands were a articulate example of underuse, and where there was the greatest potential for harmonisation around the globe, albeit with some regional variations. The harmonisation potential is primal to driving new technology costs downward and encouraging more widespread adoption. The unused spectrum was referred to as TV white spaces and information technology was articulate that its use could bring major coverage improvements. Key players in the engineering sector and so set near the business concern of convincing regulators.

In the Uk, regulatory measures had led to a competitive residential broadband market with choice and value in urban areas. All the same, many in rural areas (equally was also true in the United states of america) were feeling left out of the digital revolution. This was ironic, as rural residents and businesses have arguably more to gain from broadband than their urban counterparts: information technology can offset the greater travel difficulties in rural areas.

Read full chapter

URL:

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780081006115000023

Common Carrier Transmission

Revised by Ludwell Sibley , in Reference Data for Engineers (Ninth Edition), 2002

High-Speed Digital Services

The CSA Plan is fully compatible with the digital subscriber line for ISDN bones-rate access, while the Resistance Pattern plan is compatible up to xviii kft. The standard ISDN two-wire loop carries the ii "B" channels, the "D" channel, and a maintenance channel at 12 kb/s, for a total of 160 kb/s. The line signal is quaternary, resulting from 2B1Q coding (two binary pulses recoded into one 4th). A midspan repeater, and removal of loading coils, is sometimes used for range extension beyond xviii kft. Most versions of the DSL family (meet below) are intended for use upwardly to the 12–18 kft maximum zone.

Read full chapter

URL:

https://world wide web.sciencedirect.com/scientific discipline/article/pii/B9780750672917500406

Digital wireline manual standards

Southward. Gorshe , in Academic Press Library in Mobile and Wireless Communications, 2016

14.4.one Broadband Forum

The current BBF was formed in 2009 from the merger of the DSL Forum and the IP/MPLS Forum. The DSL Forum, founded in 1994, worked on standards related to broadband subscriber access using DSL technology. Their master focus was on provisioning, creating reference models, network architectures, and best practices for carrying certain types of services. Every bit its piece of work expanded to include other broadband access technologies such as cobweb, it changed its proper name to BBF in 2008. The predecessors of the IP/MPLS Forum are the ATM Forum, Frame Relay Forum, MFA Forum, and MPLS Forum. The focus of the IP/MPLS Forum was the promotion of MPLS and frame relay technologies.

The BBF is composed of 200 fellow member organizations representing service providers, equipment manufacturers, and electronic chip suppliers, defines and facilitates adjacent-generation broadband standards, best practices and solutions.

The BBF'southward more recent work includes topics related to PON, Ethernet-based DSL (xDSL), and motorcar-configuration for CPE such as gear up-top box and Network Attached Storage units. In its 2014 work programme, FTTdp (Fiber to the Distribution Point), xDSL interoperability, and NFV became central themes in the evolution of MultiService Broadband Network (MSBN) compages and nodal requirements. Its technical recommendations (TRs) provide an integrated framework for managing different types of broadband access technologies and marketing reports (MRs) nowadays engineering overviews in support of specifications published in BBF TRs. The work of the BBF is performed under two main working committees: the Technical Committee and the Marketing Committee, a joint technical and marketing WG: Service Innovation and Market Requirements (SIMR); and a special advisory group: the Service Provider Action Council (SPAC). The Technical Commission consists of six WGs, every bit described in Table xiv.7.

Table 14.7. Primal Current Working Groups in BBF Technical Committee

WG	Title	Clarification of Telescopic
BBHome	BroadbandHome	All aspects of in-bounds device management; TR-069 (CPE WAN Protocol) updates with information model expansion to cover broader range of devices; functional requirements for residential and Internet gateway devices
E2EA	Stop-to-Cease Architecture	All aspects of MSBN architecture and requirements; current projects on NFV, FTTdp, hybrid admission, and IPv6 transition
FAN	Fiber Access Network	All aspects of fiber-based MSBN requirements, including PON optical layer management; current projects on FTTdp functional requirements. Earlier projects included the global manufacture's starting time GPON interoperability program evolution
IP/MPLS and Cadre	IP/MPLS and Core	Current projects on IP network integration with optical send aimed at packet network optimization by using DWDM interfaces
O&NM	Operations and Network Management	All aspects of protocol-independent management model development for MSBN; current projects on fiber infrastructure management (joint with FAN WG), FTTdp management architecture, and DSL quality management
MT	Metallic Transmission	All aspects of functional requirements and test methodology development for metallic wireline MSBN; current projects on FAST (G.Fast) certification test program development, MSBN copper cable models, in-bounds PLCs systems
SIMR	Service Innovation and Market place Requirements	This grouping is responsible for expedited exploratory work on emerging MSBN technologies and clarification/development of use cases and market place requirements. Current projects on high-level requirements and framework on NFV and software defined networking (SDN) in MSBN

Read full chapter

URL:

https://www.sciencedirect.com/scientific discipline/article/pii/B9780123982810000144

Introduction

Tao Jiang , ... Daiming Qu , in OQAM/FBMC for Future Wireless Communications, 2018

one.4.1 FMT/FBMC

FMT/FBMC is an interesting solution for very loftier-speed digital subscriber line transmission, which is intermediate to other proposed single-carrier and multicarrier methods, every bit well every bit providing some unusual advantages in terms of spectrum management, unbundling, and duplexing. Fig. i.6 presents the structure of an FMT/ FBMC multicarrier organisation.

The complex-valued modulation symbols x _k(mT), 1000 = 0, 1, …, K − 1 are obtained from quadrature amplitude modulated (QAM) constellations, where i/T is the symbol rate. After upsampling by a factor of M, each symbol stream is filtered by a baseband filter with frequency characteristic H(e ^j2πf) and impulse response h(t). The transmitted bespeak s(tT/G) is and then obtained at the transmission rate of Thousand/T by adding the signals on all Grand subcarriers. At the receiver, matched filtering (where * denotes complex conjugation) is employed, followed by downsampling by a factor of Thou. When M = K(M > Yard), the filter banking concern is said to exist critically (noncritically) sampled.

Read full chapter

URL:

https://www.sciencedirect.com/scientific discipline/article/pii/B9780128135570000012