What Are The Qualifications For Emotional Service Dog

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Service Animals and Emotional Back up Animals

Where are they allowed and nether what weather condition?

Jacquie Brennan
Vinh Nguyen (Ed.)
Southwest ADA Center
A plan of ILRU at TIRR Memorial Hermann

Foreword

This manual is dedicated to the memory of Pax, a devoted guide dog, and to all the handler and canis familiaris teams working together beyond the nation. Guide dogs go far possible for their handlers to travel safely with independence, liberty and nobility.

Pax guided his handler faithfully for over 10 years. Together they negotiated countless busy intersections and safely traveled the streets of many cities, large and small. His skillful guiding kept his handler from injury on more one occasion. He accompanied his handler to business meetings, restaurants, theaters, and social functions where he conducted himself as would whatever highly-trained guide dog. Pax was a seasoned traveler and was the first dog to wing in the cabin of a domestic aircraft to Great United kingdom, a country that had previously barred service animals without extended quarantine.

Pax was built-in in the kennels of The Seeing Eye in the beautiful Washington Valley of New Jersey in March 2000. He lived with a puppy-raiser family unit for well-nigh a yr where he learned basic obedience and was exposed to the sights and sounds of community life—the same experiences he would soon confront equally a guide domestic dog. He then went through four months of intensive training where he learned how to guide and ensure the safety of the person with whom he would be matched. In November 2001 he was matched with his handler and they worked as a team until Pax's retirement in January 2012, after a long and successful career. Pax retired with his handler's family, where he lived with ii other dogs. His life was full of play, long naps, and recreational walks until his decease in Jan 2014.

It is the sincere hope of Pax'south handler that this guide will exist useful in improving the understanding about service animals, their purpose and role, their all-encompassing training, and the rights of their handlers to travel freely and to experience the same access to employment, public accommodations, transportation, and services that others have for granted.

I. Introduction

Individuals with disabilities may use service animals and emotional support animals for a multifariousness of reasons. This guide provides an overview of how major Federal ceremonious rights laws govern the rights of a person requiring a service animal. These laws, also as instructions on how to file a complaint, are listed in the final section of this publication. Many states also take laws that provide a dissimilar definition of service animal. You should check your state's constabulary and follow the law that offers the about protection for service animals. The document discusses service animals in a number of different settings as the rules and allowances related to access with service animals volition vary according to the law practical and the setting.

Two. Service Animal Divers by Title II and Title 3 of the ADA

A service fauna ways any domestic dog that is individually trained to practice work or perform tasks for the benefit of an individual with a disability, including a physical, sensory, psychiatric, intellectual, or other mental inability. Tasks performed can include, amid other things, pulling a wheelchair, retrieving dropped items, alerting a person to a audio, reminding a person to take medication, or pressing an elevator push.

Emotional support animals, condolement animals, and therapy dogs are not service animals under Championship II and Title 3 of the ADA. Other species of animals, whether wild or domestic, trained or untrained, are not considered service animals either. The piece of work or tasks performed by a service creature must be directly related to the private's inability. It does not affair if a person has a note from a md that states that the person has a disability and needs to have the animal for emotional support. A doctor's letter does non turn an beast into a service creature.

Examples of animals that fit the ADA'south definition of "service animal" because they have been specifically trained to perform a task for the person with a disability:

· Guide Domestic dog or Seeing Eye® Dog¹ is a carefully trained canis familiaris that serves as a travel tool for persons who have severe visual impairments or are blind.

· Hearing or Signal Canis familiaris is a dog that has been trained to alert a person who has a significant hearing loss or is deafened when a audio occurs, such as a knock on the door.

· Psychiatric Service Dog is a dog that has been trained to perform tasks that help individuals with disabilities to detect the onset of psychiatric episodes and lessen their effects. Tasks performed by psychiatric service animals may include reminding the handler to take medicine, providing safety checks or room searches, or turning on lights for persons with Mail Traumatic Stress Disorder, interrupting self-mutilation by persons with dissociative identity disorders, and keeping disoriented individuals from danger.

· SSigDOG (sensory signal dogs or social signal domestic dog) is a dog trained to aid a person with autism. The dog alerts the handler to distracting repetitive movements mutual among those with autism, allowing the person to stop the motion (e.g., hand flapping).

· Seizure Response Dog is a dog trained to assist a person with a seizure disorder. How the dog serves the person depends on the person's needs. The dog may stand guard over the person during a seizure or the domestic dog may become for help. A few dogs have learned to predict a seizure and warn the person in accelerate to sit down or motion to a safe identify.

Nether Title 2 and Three of the ADA, service animals are express to dogs. However, entities must make reasonable modifications in policies to allow individuals with disabilities to employ miniature horses if they have been individually trained to do work or perform tasks for individuals with disabilities.

Three. Other Support or Therapy Animals

While Emotional Support Animals or Condolement Animals are often used equally part of a medical handling plan as therapy animals, they are not considered service animals under the ADA. These back up animals provide companionship, relieve loneliness, and sometimes help with depression, anxiety, and certain phobias, but do not have special training to perform tasks that assist people with disabilities. Even though some states have laws defining therapy animals, these animals are non limited to working with people with disabilities and therefore are non covered past federal laws protecting the utilize of service animals. Therapy animals provide people with therapeutic contact, usually in a clinical setting, to amend their physical, social, emotional, and/or cognitive functioning.

IV. Handler's Responsibilities

The handler is responsible for the care and supervision of his or her service animal. If a service fauna behaves in an unacceptable fashion and the person with a disability does not command the creature, a business organization or other entity does not have to let the creature onto its premises. Uncontrolled barking, jumping on other people, or running away from the handler are examples of unacceptable behavior for a service fauna. A business has the right to deny admission to a canis familiaris that disrupts their business. For case, a service domestic dog that barks repeatedly and disrupts another patron's enjoyment of a picture could be asked to exit the theater. Businesses, public programs, and transportation providers may exclude a service fauna when the animal's beliefs poses a direct threat to the health or safety of others. If a service animal is growling at other shoppers at a grocery store, the handler may be asked to remove the animal.

· The ADA requires the animal to exist under the control of the handler. This tin occur using a harness, leash, or other tether. However, in cases where either the handler is unable to hold a tether because of a disability or its use would interfere with the service animal's rubber, constructive performance of work or tasks, the service animal must exist under the handler'southward control by another ways, such every bit voice control.²

· The animate being must be housebroken.³

· The ADA does not crave covered entities to provide for the intendance or supervision of a service animal, including cleaning upwardly after the animate being.

· The animal should exist vaccinated in accordance with state and local laws.

· An entity may also appraise the blazon, size, and weight of a miniature horse in determining whether or non the horse volition be allowed access to the facility.

5. Handler's Rights

a) Public Facilities and Accommodations

Titles 2 and 3 of the ADA makes it clear that service animals are allowed in public facilities and accommodations. A service animal must be allowed to accompany the handler to any place in the building or facility where members of the public, program participants, customers, or clients are allowed. Even if the business or public programme has a "no pets" policy, it may not deny entry to a person with a service animal. Service animals are not pets. Then, although a "no pets" policy is perfectly legal, it does non permit a business to exclude service animals.

When a person with a service creature enters a public facility or place of public accommodation, the person cannot be asked about the nature or extent of his inability. Just two questions may be asked:

1. Is the animal required because of a disability?

2. What piece of work or task has the brute been trained to perform?

These questions should not be asked, however, if the animal'south service tasks are obvious. For example, the questions may not be asked if the dog is observed guiding an individual who is blind or has low vision, pulling a person'due south wheelchair, or providing aid with stability or balance to an individual with an observable mobility inability.^four

A public accommodation or facility is non allowed to ask for documentation or proof that the fauna has been certified, trained, or licensed equally a service animal. Local laws that prohibit specific breeds of dogs practice not apply to service animals.^v

A place of public accommodation or public entity may non enquire an individual with a disability to pay a surcharge, even if people accompanied by pets are required to pay fees. Entities cannot require anything of people with service animals that they do non require of individuals in general, with or without pets. If a public adaptation commonly charges individuals for the damage they cause, an individual with a disability may be charged for damage acquired by his or her service animal.⁶

b) Employment

Laws prohibit employment discrimination because of a inability. Employers are required to provide reasonable accommodation. Assuasive an individual with a disability to have a service creature or an emotional back up animal accompany them to work may be considered an accommodation. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), which enforces the employment provisions of the ADA (Title I), does not have a specific regulation on service animals.⁷ In the case of a service fauna or an emotional back up fauna, if the disability is not obvious and/or the reason the animal is needed is not clear, an employer may request documentation to plant the existence of a inability and how the animal helps the individual perform his or her job.

Documentation might include a detailed description of how the animal would help the employee in performing job tasks and how the animal is trained to conduct in the workplace. A person seeking such an adaptation may advise that the employer allow the animal to accompany them to work on a trial ground.

Both service and emotional back up animals may be excluded from the workplace if they pose either an undue hardship or a straight threat in the workplace.

c) Housing

The Fair Housing Deed (FHA) protects a person with a disability from bigotry in obtaining housing. Under this law, a landlord or homeowner's association must provide reasonable accommodation to people with disabilities and so that they take an equal opportunity to enjoy and apply a domicile.^viiiEmotional support animals that do not qualify equally service animals nether the ADA may nevertheless qualify equally reasonable accommodations under the FHA.⁹ In cases when a person with a disability uses a service animal or an emotional support animal, a reasonable adaptation may include waiving a no-pet rule or a pet deposit.¹⁰ This animal is not considered a pet.

A landlord or homeowner's association may not enquire a housing applicant virtually the existence, nature, and extent of his or her inability. However, an private with a inability who requests a reasonable accommodation may be asked to provide documentation then that the landlord or homeowner's association can properly review the accommodation request.¹¹ They tin inquire a person to certify, in writing, (ane) that the tenant or a fellow member of his or her family is a person with a inability; (two) the need for the animal to aid the person with that specific disability; and (3) that the creature really assists the person with a disability. It is important to keep in mind that the ADA may utilize in the housing context as well, for case with student housing. Where the ADA applies, requiring documentation or certification would not be permitted with regard to an animal that qualifies as a "service animal."

d) Education

Service animals in public schools (Thousand-12) ^xiii – The ADA permits a student with a disability who uses a service fauna to accept the animal at school. In addition, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act permit a pupil to utilise an fauna that does not run across the ADA definition of a service animal if that student'southward Individual Education Plan (IEP) or Section 504 team decides the fauna is necessary for the student to receive a free and appropriate education. Where the ADA applies, nevertheless, schools should be mindful that the use of a service brute is a right that is non dependent upon the conclusion of an IEP or Section 504 squad.^xiv

Emotional support animals, therapy animals, and companion animals are seldom allowed to back-trail students in public schools. Indeed, the ADA does not contemplate the employ of animals other than those coming together the definition of "service animate being." Ultimately, the determination whether a student may utilise an brute other than a service animal should be made on a case-by-instance basis by the IEP or Department 504 team.

Service animals in postsecondary education settings – Nether the ADA, colleges and universities must allow people with disabilities to bring their service animals into all areas of the facility that are open up to the public or to students.

Colleges and universities may have a policy asking students who use service animals to contact the schoolhouse'southward Disability Services Coordinator to register as a student with a inability. College education institutions may not crave any documentation about the preparation or certification of a service brute. They may, however, require proof that a service animal has any vaccinations required by state or local laws that apply to all animals.

e) Transportation

A person traveling with a service brute cannot be denied admission to transportation, even if there is a "no pets" policy. In addition, the person with a service animal cannot be forced to sit in a particular spot; no boosted fees tin can be charged because the person uses a service creature; and the customer does not have to provide accelerate observe that s/he will be traveling with a service animal.

The laws apply to both public and private transportation providers and include subways, fixed-route buses, Paratransit, rails, low-cal-rail, taxicabs, shuttles and limousine services.

f) Air Travel

At the end of 2020, the U.Due south. Section of Transportation (DOT) announced that it revised its Air Carrier Access Deed regulation on the transportation of service animals by air. We are working to update the information provided beneath to align with the changes. While we have the time to update our information, check out a summary of the changes available on DOT's website. You lot tin also find some additional information in DOT's Aviation Consumer Protection's article about service animals.

The Air Carrier Access Act (ACAA) requires airlines to permit service animals and emotional back up animals to back-trail their handlers in the motel of the shipping.

Service animals – For testify that an brute is a service animate being, air carriers may ask to come across identification cards, written documentation, presence of harnesses or tags, or ask for verbal assurances from the individual with a disability using the creature. If airline personnel are uncertain that an brute is a service brute, they may ask i of the post-obit:

1. What tasks or functions does your animal perform for you?

2. What has your animal been trained to practise for you?

iii. Would you describe how the animal performs this job for you? ^fifteen

Emotional support and psychiatric service animals – Individuals who travel with emotional support animals or psychiatric service animals may need to provide specific documentation to constitute that they accept a inability and the reason the animate being must travel with them. Individuals who wish to travel with their emotional support or psychiatric animals should contact the airline alee of time to find out what kind of documentation is required.

Examples of documentation that may be requested by the airline: Current documentation (non more than one year old) on letterhead from a licensed mental health professional person stating (i) the passenger has a mental wellness-related disability listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM Four); (two) having the animal accompany the passenger is necessary to the passenger'due south mental wellness or handling; (3) the individual providing the assessment of the passenger is a licensed mental health professional person and the passenger is nether his or her professional care; and (4) the engagement and type of the mental health professional's license and the country or other jurisdiction in which information technology was issued.^sixteen This documentation may be required equally a condition of permitting the brute to back-trail the rider in the cabin.

Other animals – Co-ordinate to the ACAA, airlines are not required otherwise to carry animals of any kind either in the cabin or in the cargo concur. Airlines are free to adopt whatsoever policy they cull regarding the carriage of pets and other animals (for example, search and rescue dogs) provided that they comply with other applicable requirements (for example, the Beast Welfare Deed).

Animals such as miniature horses, pigs, and monkeys may exist considered service animals. A carrier must determine on a case-by-case basis according to factors such equally the animate being's size and weight; state and strange country restrictions; whether or not the animal would pose a direct threat to the wellness or safety of others; or cause a fundamental alteration in the cabin service.¹⁷ Individuals should contact the airlines alee of travel to discover out what is permitted.

Airlines are not required to transport unusual animals such as snakes, other reptiles, ferrets, rodents, and spiders. Foreign carriers are not required to ship animals other than dogs.¹⁸

VI. Reaction/Response of Others

Allergies and fright of dogs are not valid reasons for denying access or refusing service to people using service animals. If employees, young man travelers, or customers are afraid of service animals, a solution may be to permit enough space for that person to avoid getting shut to the service creature.

Most allergies to animals are caused by directly contact with the animal. A separated space might exist adequate to avoid allergic reactions.

If a person is at risk of a significant allergic reaction to an animate being, information technology is the responsibility of the business or authorities entity to find a way to suit both the individual using the service animal and the private with the allergy.

Seven. Service Animals in Training

a) Air Travel

The Air Carrier Access Act (ACAA) does not allow "service animals in preparation" in the cabin of the shipping because "in preparation" condition indicates that they do non still run into the legal definition of service animal. However, like pet policies, airline policies regarding service animals in preparation vary. Some airlines permit qualified trainers to bring service animals in preparation aboard an shipping for training purposes. Trainers of service animals should consult with airlines and get familiar with their policies.

b) Employment

In the employment setting, employers may exist obligated to permit employees to bring their "service animal in grooming" into the workplace every bit a reasonable accommodation, especially if the animal is being trained to assist the employee with piece of work-related tasks. The untrained brute may be excluded, nevertheless, if information technology becomes a workplace disruption or causes an undue hardship in the workplace.

c) Public Facilities and Accommodations

Championship Ii and 3 of the ADA does non cover "service animals in grooming" just several states have laws when they should exist allowed admission.

VIII. Laws & Enforcement

a) Public Facilities and Accommodations

Championship II of the ADA covers country and local government facilities, activities, and programs. Championship III of the ADA covers places of public accommodations. Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act covers federal government facilities, activities, and programs. It too covers the entities that receive federal funding.

Title II and Title III Complaints – These can be filed through private lawsuits in federal courtroom or directed to the U.Due south. Department of Justice.

U.S. Department of Justice
950 Pennsylvania Avenue, Due north.W.
Civil Rights Division
Disability Rights Section – NYA
Washington, DC 20530
http://www.ada.gov
800-514-0301 (v)
800-514-0383 (TTY)

Section 504 Complaints – These must be made to the specific federal bureau that oversees the program or funding.

b) Employment

Title I of the ADA and Section 501 and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act prohibits bigotry in employment. The ADA covers private employers with 15 or more than employees; Section 501 applies to federal agencies, and Section 504 applies to whatever plan or entity receiving federal financial aid.

ADA Complaints - A person must file a charge with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) within 180 days of an alleged violation of the ADA. This deadline may be extended to 300 days if there is a state or local fair employment practices agency that also has jurisdiction over this thing. Complaints may exist filed in person, by post, or by telephone by contacting the nearest EEOC office. This number is listed in nigh telephone directories nether "U.S. Government." For more data:

http://world wide web.eeoc.gov/contact/index.cfm
800-669-4000 (phonation)
800-669-6820 (TTY)

Department 501 Complaints - Federal employees must contact their bureau's Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) officer within 45 days of an alleged Section 501 violation.

Section 504 Complaints – These must exist filed with the federal bureau that funded the employer.

c) Housing

The Fair Housing Deed (FHA), as amended in 1988, applies to housing. Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability in all housing programs and activities that are either conducted by the federal government or receive federal financial assistance. Title II of the ADA applies to housing provided by state or local government entities.

Complaints – Housing complaints may exist filed with the Department of Housing and Urban Evolution (HUD) Office of Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity.

http://www.hud.gov/fairhousing

800-669-9777 (vocalization)

800-927-9275 (TTY)

d) Didactics

Students with disabilities in public schools (1000-12) are covered by Individuals with Disabilities Didactics Act (Thought), Title II of the ADA, and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Deed. Students with disabilities in public postsecondary teaching are covered by Championship Ii and Department 504. Championship 3 of the ADA applies to private schools (K-12 and post-secondary) that are not operated by religious entities. Private schools that receive federal funding are also covered by Section 504.

IDEA Complaints - Parents can request a due procedure hearing and a review from the state educational bureau if applicable in that state. They also tin can appeal the land agency's decision to land or federal court. Yous may contact the Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services (OSERS) for further information or to provide your own thoughts and ideas on how they may improve serve individuals with disabilities, their families and their communities.

For more data contact:

Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services

U.S. Department of Educational activity

400 Maryland Avenue, S.W.

Washington, DC 20202-7100

202-245-7468 (voice)

Championship II of the ADA and Department 504 Complaints - The Office for Civil Rights (OCR) in the Section of Teaching enforces Title Two of the ADA and Department 504 every bit they apply to education. Those who have had access denied due to a service brute may file a complaint with OCR or file a private lawsuit in federal courtroom. An OCR complaint must be filed inside 180 calendar days of the date of the alleged discrimination, unless the time for filing is extended for good crusade. Before filing an OCR complaint against an institution, an individual may want to find out about the institution's grievance procedure and use that procedure to accept the complaint resolved. However, an individual is not required past law to utilize the institutional grievance process before filing a complaint with OCR. If someone uses an institutional grievance procedure and then chooses to file the complaint with OCR, the complaint must be filed with OCR inside threescore days afterward the last act of the institutional grievance procedure.

For more information contact:

U.Southward. Section of Educational activity

Office for Civil Rights

400 Maryland Avenue, South.W.

Washington, DC 20202-1100

Customer Service: 800-421-3481 (phonation)

800-877-8339 (TTY)

Electronic mail: OCR@ed.gov

http://www2.ed.gov/near/offices/list/ocr/docs/howto.html

Championship 3 Complaints – These may exist filed with the Department of Justice.

U.South. Department of Justice

950 Pennsylvania Avenue, North.West.

Civil Rights Division

Disability Rights Section – NYA

Washington, DC 20530

http://www.ada.gov/

800-514-0301 (5)

800-514-0383 (TTY)

e) Transportation

Title II of the ADA applies to public transportation while Title Iii of the ADA applies to transportation provided by individual entities. Department 504 of the Rehabilitation Human activity applies to federal entities and recipients of federal funding that provide transportation.

Title II and Section 504 Complaints – These may be filed with the Federal Transit Assistants's Office of Civil Rights. For more information, contact:

Director, FTA Part of Civil Rights

East Edifice – 5th Floor, TCR

1200 New Jersey Ave., Due south.E.

Washington, DC 20590
FTA ADA Assistance Line: 888-446-4511 (Voice)
800-877-8339 (Federal Data Relay Service)
http://www.fta.dot.gov/civil_rights.html
http://www.fta.dot.gov/12874_3889.html (Complaint Form)

Title III Complaints – These may be filed with the Department of Justice.

U.Southward. Department of Justice

950 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.Westward.

Civil Rights Sectionalisation

Disability Rights Section – NYA

Washington, DC 20530

http://www.ada.gov
800-514-0301 (v)

800-514-0383 (TTY)

Note: A person does non take to file a complaint with the respective federal agency before filing a lawsuit in federal court.

f) Air Transportation

The Air Carrier Admission Deed (ACAA) covers airlines. Its regulations clarify what animals are considered service animals and explicate how each type of brute should be treated.

ACAA complaints may exist submitted to the Department of Transportation's Aviation Consumer Protection Division. Air travelers who experience disability-related air travel service problems may phone call the hotline at 800-778-4838 (voice) or 800- 455-9880 (TTY) to obtain assistance. Air travelers who would like the Department of Transportation (DOT) to investigate a complaint nearly a inability issue must submit their complaint in writing or via e-mail service to:

Aviation Consumer Protection Sectionalisation
Attn: C-75-D
U.S. Section of Transportation
1200 New Bailiwick of jersey Ave, S.E.
Washington, DC 20590

For additional information and questions most your rights under whatever of these laws, contact your regional ADA middle at 800-949-4232 (vocalisation/TTY).

Acknowledgements

The contents of this booklet were developed past the Southwest ADA Center under a grant (#H133A110027) from the Department of Education's National Plant on Inability and Rehabilitation Inquiry (NIDRR). However, those contents exercise not necessarily represent the policy of the Department of Education and you should not assume endorsement by the Federal Regime.

Southwest ADA Center at ILRU
TIRR Memorial Hermann Research Center
1333 Moursund St.
Houston, Texas 77030
713.520.0232 (voice/TTY)
800.949.4232 (phonation/TTY)
http://www.southwestada.org

The Southwest ADA Center is a plan of ILRU (Independent Living Enquiry Utilization) at TIRR Memorial Hermann. The Southwest ADA Center is role of a national network of ten regional ADA Centers that provide up-to-appointment information, referrals, resources, and preparation on the Americans with Disabilities Human activity (ADA). The centers serve a variety of audiences, including businesses, employers, government entities, and individuals with disabilities. Call ane-800-949-4232 v/tty to reach the middle that serves your region or visit http://www.adata.org.

This book is printed courtesy of the ADA National Network. The Southwest ADA Center would like to thank Jacquie Brennan (writer), Ramin Taheri, Richard Picayune, Kathy Gips, Sally Weiss, Wendy Strobel Gower, Erin Marie Sember-Hunt, Marian Vessels, and the ADA Knowledge Translation Center at the University of Washington for their contributions to this booklet.

Master Investigator: Lex Frieden
Project Managing director: Vinh Nguyen
Publication staff: Maria DelBosque, Marisa Demaya, and George Powers

[one] http://world wide web.seeingeye.org

[ii] 28 C.F.R. 36.302(c)(4); 28 C.F.,R. § 35.136(d).

[three] 28 C.F.R. 36.302(c)(two); 28 C.F.,R. §35.136(b)(two).

[4] 28 C.F.R. 36.302(c)(6).

[5] Encounter 28 C.F.R. Pt. 35, App. A; Sak 5. Aurelia, Metropolis of, C 11-4111-MWB (Due north.D. Iowa Dec. 28, 2011)

[6] 28 C.F.R. 36.302(c)(eight).

[seven] 29 C.F.R. Pt. 1630 App. The EEOC, in the Interpretive Guidance accompanying the regulations, stated that guide dogs may be an accommodation..."For example, it would be a reasonable accommodation for an employer to let an individual who is blind to employ a guide dog at work, even though the employer would not exist required to provide a guide dog for the employee."

[8] 42 U.South.C. § 3604(f)(3)(B).

[nine] Fair Housing of the Dakotas, Inc. v. Goldmark Prop. Mgmt., Inc., 3:09-cv-58 (D.N.D. Mar. thirty, 2011): "… the FHA encompasses all types of assist animals regardless of training, including those that meliorate a physical disability and those that meliorate a mental disability."

[x] See Bronk v. Ineichen, 54 F.3d 425, 428-429 (seventh Cir. 1995); HUD five. Purkett, FH-FL 19372 (HUDALJ July 31, 1990) Green v. Housing Authority of Clackamas County, 994 F.Supp. 1253 (D. Ore. 1998).

[eleven] Hawn five. Shoreline Towers Phase 1 Condominium Association, Inc., 347 Fed. Appx. 464 (11th Cir. 2009).

[12] See "Pet Buying for the Elderly and Persons with Disabilities", 73 Federal Register 208 (27 October 2008), pp. 63834-63838; U.s.a.. (2004). Reasonable Accommodations under the Fair Housing Deed: Joint Statement of the Section of Housing and Urban Evolution and Department of Justice. Washington, D.C: U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Department of Justice [Electronic Version]. Retrieved 03/06/2014 from http://www.justice.gov/crt/about/hce/jointstatement_ra.php.

[13] Private schools that are not operated by religious entities are considered public accommodations. Please refer to Department V(a).

[14] Sullivan v. Vallejo City Unified Sch. Dist., 731 F. Supp. 947 (E.D. Cal. 1990).

[15] "Guidance Concerning Service Animals in Air Transportation", 68 Federal Register 90 (9 May 2003), p. 24875.

[16] xiv C.F.R. § 382.117(east).

[17] 14 C.F.R. § 382.117(f).

[18] Id.